REGULATING THE HUNTING INDUSTRY IN TANZANIA

Reflections on the Legislative, Institutional and Policy-Making Frameworks

bulletIntroduction
bulletList of Abbreviations
bulletAcknowledgements
bulletI. The Development of the Hunting Industry in Tanzania: A Historical Perspective
bullet1.1 Introduction
bullet1.2 Hunting in the Pre-Colonial Era
bullet1.3 The Hunting Industry in the Colonial Period
bullet1.4. The Status of the Hunting Industry in the Post-Colonial Era
bulletII. Implementation of International Legal Instruments Relating to Hunting
bullet2.1 Introduction
bullet2.2 The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968
bullet2.3 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, 1973
bullet2.4 The Southern African Development Community Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement, 1999
bulletIII. A Review of Legislation and Policy Regulating the Hunting Industry
bullet3.1 Introduction
bullet3.2 Policy
bullet3.3 Legislation
bulletIV. Salient Features and Constraints in the Legal, Policy-Making and Institutional Frameworks
bullet4.1 Potentiality for Arbitrary Use and Abuse of Power
bullet4.2 Professionalism and the Hunting Industry
bullet4.3 Voices from the Local People
bulletV. Conclusion and Recommendations
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

  • Assa Okoth, A History of Africa (1855-1914), Bookwise Ltd., Nairobi, 1987
  • Darling Fraser, Wildlife in an African Territory, Oxford University Press, London, 1960
  • Clive Jones, Hunting as a Conservation Tool, Friedkin Conservation Fund, 1998
  • Kiss, A (Ed) Living With Wildlife: Wildlife Resource Management With Local Participation in Africa, World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1990
  • Lewis and Carter, (Eds.) Voices from Africa: Local Perspectives on Conservation, World Wildlife Fund for Nature, Washington, D.C. 1993
  • Livingston, J.A., The Fallacy of Wildlife Conservation, McClelland and Stewart Ltd., Ontario, Canada, 1981
  • Riney, T. Conservation and Management of African Wildlife, Rome, FAO, 1967

Articles and Unpublished Material

  • Leader Williams et al, “Tourist Hunting in Tanzania,” Occasional Paper, IUCN Species Survival Commission, No. 14
  • Nshala, R. “Granting Hunting Blocks in Tanzania: The Need for Reform,” Lawyers Environmental Action Team., Policy Brief No. 5, Dar-es-Salaam, 1999
  • Majamba, H.I “Ameliorating the Legal Prospects for Wildlife Conservation in Africa: Reflections on the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968,” LL.M Thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada, 1994
  • Ministry of Tourism and Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, “Views of the Wildlife Division on the Allocation of Hunting Blocks,” Dar-es-Salaam, 1998
  • Government of Tanzania, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Wildlife Policy, Government Printer, Dar-es-Salaam, 1998
  • Government of Tanzania, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment A Review of the Wildlife Sector in Tanzania Volume I and II, Wildlife Sector Review Task Force, Dar-es-Salaam, 1995
  • Government of Tanzania, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Report of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry Against Corruption, Vol. 2, Dar-es-Salaam, 1996
  • Tanzania Hunters Association, “Consultant Report on the Hunting Industry,” Arusha, 1998

Legislation

  • Wildlife Decrees of: 1896, 1898, 1900, 1903, 1905, 1908 and 1911
  • Fauna Conservation Ordinance, Cap.302, Laws of Tanganyika
  • Wildlife Conservation Act, No. 12 of 1974, Laws of Tanzania
  • Wildlife Conservation (Amendment) Act, No. 21 of 1978, Laws of Tanzania
  • Tanzania Wildlife Corporation Act (Establishing Order) G.N. 231/1980
  • National Parks Ordinance, Cap.412, Laws of Tanganyika
  • Ngorongoro Conservation Area Ordinance, Cap.413, Laws of Tanganyika
  • Wildlife Conservation (Hunting of Animals) Regulations, G.N 274 of 1974
  • Wildlife Conservation (Dealings in Trophies) Amendment Regulations, 1989 G.N 278/1989
  • Wildlife Regulations (Capture of Animals) Regulations, G.N 278/1974
  • Wildlife Conservation (Tourist Hunting) Regulations, G.N 306/2000
  • Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act, No. 28 of 1992, Laws of Botswana

International and Regional Legal Instruments

  • African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968
  • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora, 1973
  • London Convention Concerning the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa, 1900
  • London Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State, 1933
  • Agreement on the Action Plan for the Environmentally Sound Management of the Common Zambezi River System
  • Protocol Concerning Protected Areas and Wildlife Forming the Eastern Africa Region, (Nairobi, 1985)
  • Lusaka Agreement on Cooperative Enforcement Operation Directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora, (Lusaka, 1994)
  • SADC Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement (Maputo, 1999)
  • Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio-de- Janeiro, 1992)
  • Southern Africa Convention for Wildlife Management, 1990
  • Master Plan for the Security of the Rhino and Elephant in Southern Africa, 1996