Legislation: Review of the Decentralization Process and it's Impact on Environmental and Natural Resources Management in Tanzania

Lawyers' Environmental Action Team (LEAT)
leat@mediapost.co.tz

REVIEW OF THE DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS AND IT'S IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN TANZANIA

Legislation

PART I: Conceptual Framework and Rationale for Decentralization

	1.1 Conceptual Framework
	1.2 Background to the Environmental Problems Facing in Tanzania
	1.3 Major Environmental Problems in Tanzania

PART II: Tanzania's Experience with Decentralization: a Chronology of Events

	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Decentralization Process (1972-1982)
	2.3 Decentralization Process (1983-1998)
	2.4 Local Government Reforms and Environmental Management

PART III: The Policy Reforms and Environmental Management in Tanzania

	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 National Forestry Policy
	3.3 National Environmental Policy
	3.5 National Land Policy

PART IV: Environmental Legislation Management by Local Government Authorities in Tanzania

	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 An Overview of Local Government Authorities
	4.3 District Local Government Authorities
	4.4 Urban Local Government Authorities

PART V: Factors Hindering Effective Management of the Environment by Local Governement Authorities

	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Lack of Property Rights Over Natural Resources
	5.3 Weak Formulation and Implementation of Bylaws
	5.4 Poor Enforcement of Environmental Laws
	5.5 Weak Penalties and Incentives

PART VI: Practical Implications to Decentralize Environmental Management Structures

	6.1 Existing Interfaces and Linkages between Local Government Structures
	6.2 Capacity of Local Governments In Environmental Management

PART VII: Conclusions and Recommendations

	7.1 Conclusions
	7.2 Recommendations

African Chiefs Ordinance, 1953
Decentralization of Government Administration (Interim Provisions) Act, 1972
Decentralization of Government Administration (Interim Provisions) (Amendment) Act, 1982
Extinction of Customary Rights Order, 1987 [GN. 88/1987]
Forests Ordinance, Cap. 389
Land Development (Specified Areas) Regulations, 1986 [GN. 659/1986]
Local Government (District Authorities) Act, 1982 [Act Number 7 of 1982]
Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982 [Act Number 8 of 1982]
Local Government Election Act, 1965 [Act Number 50 of 1965]
Local Government Finances Act, 1982 [Act Number 9 of 1982]
Local Government Ordinance, Cap. 333
Local Government Services Act, 1982 [Act Number 10 of 1982]
Mining Act, 1998
Native Authority Ordinance, 1926 [Cap. 76]
Regional Administration Act, 1997 [Act Number 19 of 1997]